INDONESIA RELATIONS
WITH POLITICAL Abroad
Understanding Foreign Policy
Foreign policy is the strategy and tactics used by a country in its relations with other countries or pattern of behavior used by a State in its relations with other countries. Foreign policy related to the process of making a decision to follow a particular path selection. According to the Strategic Plan for the Implementation of the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Indonesia (1984-1988), foreign policy is defined as "a policy taken by the government in the framework of its relations with the international community in order to achieve national objectives". Through foreign policy, the government is projecting its national interests in the community of nations ". From the description, it is known that the purpose of foreign policy is to create a national interest. The aim is to summarize the state of the country in the future as well as the desired future condition.
Indonesian Foreign Policy
Basic - Basic Indonesian foreign policy contained in the preamble of the 1945 Constitution foreign policy has a solid foundation rooted in the philosophy of Pancasila as a reflection of the aspirations of the nation and must be complied with faithfully, and they can not deviate from pancasila.Adapun cornerstone of foreign policy Pancasila and the Constitution is 1945.Sebagaimana explained earlier, the existing formula in paragraph I and paragraph IV of the 1945 Constitution is a very strong legal basis for Indonesia's foreign policy. Indonesian foreign policy is independent of political aktif.Namun of these formulations, we do not get a sense of the meaning of an independent foreign policy is active.
Indonesia's foreign policy is known as an independent foreign policy and actively dedicated to the national interest. Independent, impartial means of the forces that confronted each other for control.
Active, meaning that Indonesia played an active role in seeking peace dunia.Karena that this description will be collected some opinions on the meaning of a free and active. Even behind the free and active still be added to other properties, such as anti-colonialism, anti-imperialism. Foreign Policy Implementation Strategy of the Republic of Indonesia has been appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, dated May 19, 1983, explained that the nature of foreign policy are: Non-Active, Anti-colonialism, Devoted to the Democratic National Interest.
Cooperation Indonesia and Malaysia
Indonesia and Malaysia have been working together since lama.Berbagai cooperation has made Indonesia and Malaysia to date, so as to create good relations between the two countries. The cooperation covers various fields including economic, educational, social, anti teroris.Dalam cooperation in education, between Indonesia and Malaysia in a relationship with a student exchange each tahunnya.dalam Economics, Many investors from Malaysia to invest in Indonesia have little helped the Indonesian government in alleviating unemployment. Malaysian investors to invest in a lot of industrial oil palm plantations.
In the area of oil palm plantations, Indonesia and Malaysia have agreed to strengthen the market, increase trade capacity, facilitate fair trade practices, and participate in the mission and business investment. Both countries currently control 80 percent of world oil production .It is certainly beneficial for both parties. Also in the social field, in Malaysia also many castles in Indonesian workers who work as domestic servants (PRT), medical officers, construction workers and professionals lainnya.dalam anti-terrorist cooperation, Indonesia and Malaysia agreed to terrorism as a common enemy , Both countries are determined to fight terrorists with intelligence exchange in the near future.
The exchange of intelligence is very important to position the two countries to a better place in the fight against the terrorists who threaten the country. For example, the Indonesian Armed Forces and Malaysian Army re-doing compound exercises that focused on border security between the two countries in the region. The two countries agreed to coordinate, operate together on border security in both countries. This cooperation is intended to create conditions of security between the two countries strategic area.
In the field of technology, in 2002 Indonesia-Malaysia cooperation makes satellite mikro.di the field of culture, the two countries often hold cultural festival together - together, promoting each other's culture, as well as diplomatic relations to discuss increased cooperation in the field of culture.
Problems Faced Between Indonesia and Malaysia
Cooperation between Indonesia and Malaysia in various fields is not running smoothly, emerging issues as follows:
1. Border Issues
a.
waterway
As with the countries that are developing in the region, the issue of borders is a frequent problem. ZEE overlapping arrangement with some neighboring countries also expressed a dispute that could potentially lead to international conflicts. Relation to the Indonesia-Malaysia relations, border issues can be seen in the case where the waters of the Strait of Malacca is claimed by several countries including Singapore, Malaysia, and including Indonesia. Why waterway so important? Because waterway traffic is linking trade between western countries and eastern countries, so that this region is a strategic area for trade routes. Problems waterway could be internationalized, but not enough so for coastal states to protect these waters, namely Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia.Penjagaan waterway performed by each of the countries navies conduct joint patrols in coastal areas Strait of Malacca. Until now still unclear emergency status waterway is part of the national territory where.
b.
Sipadan-Ligitan and problems Ambalat
Indonesia is an archipelago country consisting of 17,504 islands and outer islands are directly adjacent to Malaysia. But geography is less noticed by the Indonesian government, especially the outer islands of Indonesia.
This is evidenced by the "disappearance" of Sipadan and Ligitan, Actually scenario "takeover" Pulau Sipadan-Ligitan been prepared long ago by Malaysia just waiting for the right time and suddenly in 2000, Malaysia Sipadan-Ligitan bring issues to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) which eventually was won by Malaysia. After getting the Sipadan-Ligitan, Malaysia's ambition to occupy Ambalat suspected to contain oil and gas nilainnya tremendous billions of dollars Amerika.Krisis this relationship began PETRONAS (Malaysia-owned oil company) to provide concessions offshore oil drilling in the North is to block Ambalat SHELL (company owned by the UK and the Netherlands) which resulted in the Indonesia-Malaysia relations are experiencing a worrisome tensions.
2. The issue of Indonesian Workers (TKI)
The problem of Indonesian workers, especially illegal workers, has long been a stumbling block in relations between Indonesia and Malaysia. As you know that Indonesia is a supplier of labor (whether legal or illegal) to Malaysia that most average working as factory workers or domestic servants. The number of incidents of abuse, sexual abuse, and non-payment of salaries by the employer, the workers punished for no reason pasti.ini a frequent problem encountered by migrant workers, especially illegal workers in Malaysia, which would not go over because they were illegal status.
3. Problem of Illegal Logging
Indonesia is one of the countries that have natural resources (SDA) in particular is a very large forests can provide forest products is very promising as wood, rattan, and others. The issue of illegal logging in Indonesia has long stood out again as the increasing number of Indonesian timber were stolen and taken out of the country. Malaysia directly adjacent to the East is also considered a "thief" Indonesian forest products. The timber mafia carrying timber from Indonesia by buying timber and timber thieves financing of Kalimantan and Papua, which later became rampant illegal logging is supported by funding from the Malaysian timber companies.
With the increasing number of stolen wood, Indonesia suffered huge losses because of its natural wealth has been stolen by other countries and because the stolen timber sold to Europe or Japan.
In addition, illegal logging also causes environmental damage due to the increasing number of illegal logging carried out in the jungles of Indonesia.
4. Issues Forest Fire Smoke
The impact of the destruction of Indonesia's forests is not only felt by Indonesia itself but also by other countries including Malaysia. One is caused by forest fires and deforestation coupled with the El Nino phenomenon that causes droughts, causing a great forest fire as the Borneo jungle (case 1994-1997) where smoke from forest fires is to carry over into neighboring countries because of the wind , Due to the vast area of forest fire haze is formed which almost cover several areas including Malaysia. During the forest fires in Indonesia occurs, the air pollution standard index in Malaysia reached a dangerous point.
Thick clouds that envelop besides unhealthy air in the region angered the people and government of Malaysia. The haze disrupt the daily activities of the population of Malaysia as the visibility is limited and they have to wear masks if they perform activities outside the home.
5. Cultural Issues
Indonesia and Malaysia have cultural similarities, because both countries derived from the same family (French Community). frequent claim of the Malaysian culture, such a conflict would be the song "Rasa Sayange" because the song was used by the Ministry of Tourism Malaysia to promote tourism in Malaysia, claiming "Batik" as one of the nation's cultural heritage by Malaysia, claiming the art of "Folk handicrafts", claiming virtuoso "dance", and the last example is "pendet Dance".
Attempts - The Indonesian government efforts
a. Deterrence (deterrence)
The Indonesian government should further enhance the concept of deterrence or containment. With the deterrence is expected to give a psychological impact on the countries that would make military incursions into Indonesia so that they will know the effect .One of the steps for creating deterrence that is by modernizing or development of the Indonesian military forces. Reform - should be done, not just existing weaponry care but we need to buy weapons and other combat equipment that modern technology has also advanced that to protect the territory of the Republic. Indonesian military forces, especially in the field of technology has lagged far. Modernization should be done, especially in the Navy (Navy) and Air Force (AU) also stabilized in the Army (AD) to defend the Homeland of threats coming from both outside and inside the country.
b. Diplomacy
Not all problems between Indonesia and Malaysia can be solved by military way to achieve a solution. Most to solve the problem, the government of Indonesia and Malaysia to discuss diplomatic relations and lobbying concerning the problems faced by both countries. Various diplomatic efforts is to find the best way out for both parties without harming bilateral relations. Indonesia should increase diplomatic efforts to prevent any kind of problems faced by Malaysia to grow into a military conflict.
In practice, diplomacy must diaksanakan by people who are experts in diplomacy and understands the problems being faced up to our interests can be delivered in various negotiations concerning relations between Indonesia and Malaysia. Indonesian diplomacy should be done at least to build communication and mutual understanding between the two countries so that Indonesia is expected to anticipate problems that do not come to the surface and cause conflict.
c. Cooperative Security (Security Cooperation)
Security cooperation is to be done by Indonesia, considering the number of problems that occur in these areas appears logical-Malaysia border. At least with the cooperation of security can reduce conflict terjadi.Seperti conducted in the Strait of Malacca, conducted by a joint patrol in the waters with so Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore has not been involved in the war but claimed the care of each country. Cooperative security can minimize conflict and promote cooperation between countries in the field of defense and keamanan.misalnya piracy problems, illegal logging is a huge challenge for us, but is a form of another conflict so that Indonesia does not need to devote too large funds.
The Government of Indonesia to cooperate with the community to keep the waters in droves because of the limited capacity of the Indonesian maritime defense with demikan efficiency can also tercapai..Indonesia and Malaysia also have to hold a military exercise, a combination of several of the problems associated with emerging security along the border between Indonesia and Malaysia diamana this combined training includes aspects of land, ocean, and angkasa.Diharapkan with this joint exercise their relationship the armed forces of both countries can recover.
In the field of non-military, Indonesia and Malaysia have cooperated in resolving cases haze in Sumatra which caused many problems in the region will be made negara.Termasuk whether artificial rain or other ways besides the delivery of energy to put out forest fires.
Traffic Control of Transboundary
Unitary Republic of Indonesia has a vast territory consisting of mostly ocean and only 36.6% of the mainland. Mainland that there is a series of of thousands - thousand island so that the boundaries between districts / cities and provinces in the country, as well as with neighboring countries is very easily penetrated by various cara.oleh because the Indonesian government needs to improve the cross-border supervision.
d. Protection of Citizens
Government to provide protection to its citizens wherever they are, whether at home or abroad. Indonesian representatives abroad (embassy) is the government agency responsible for providing protection to Indonesian citizens (citizens) as stipulated in Law No. 7 of 1999 on Foreign Relations. The protection provided in addition to health services, counseling, and administrative support, as well as providing safe shelter and returning them to Indonesia. for example in the case of migrant workers in Malaysia, the government is trying in various ways to include activities such as shelter in a safe place, return (to the region of origin or to the country), including efforts to provide legal aid and assistance, rehabilitation (the restoration of physical health, psychological), reintegration ( reintegration into their families or communities) and empowerment (economic, education).
e. Other measures
Government seeks Boosting human resources through education community through its facilities and infrastructure, and improving the knowledge society through the provision of information as possible in various aspects terkait.khususnya related to cultural identity of the Indonesian nation, which is the United Nations. Another attempt to overcome the problems associated with culture (by Malaysia claiming Indonesian culture such as batik) n: government register batik into the UNESCO list of cultural alignment that minimizes the workers who ilegal.selain, the government must provide the best service, especially in procedures bureaucracy and passport. Indonesia and Malaysia to make bilateral agreements that must accommodate the protection of migrant labor and delivery procedures and arrangements for the basic rights of workers must be respected by the citizens of Malaysia and law enforcement officials. Similarly should be provisions on equality before the law migrant workers in Malaysia, just like the locals
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